This California, anti-Asian law barred Indian and other non-citizen immigrants from owning land, reinforcing discrimination even as it primarily targeted Japanese immigrants.
In 1907, hundreds of white workers in Bellingham, Washington, violently forced South Asian laborers out of the city during what became known as the Bellingham Race Riots. This is representative of issues facing the immigrants from India.
U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Bhagat Singh Thind, an Indian immigrant, could not become a U.S. citizen. The Court said he was not considered "white" under the law, even though he argued he was Caucasian.
Asian America: A Primary Source Reader
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